Deeper into Strings

Let’s first revise what we already know about strings and see how to split them. Below we create a string variable magicWord that contains value “abracadabra”.

string magicWord = "abracadabra";

Passing a string as a parameter to a print command happens in the familiar way.

string magicWord = "abracadabra";
Console.WriteLine(magicWord);

abracadabra

Reading and Printing Strings

You can read a string using the ReadLine() method offered by Console. The program below reads the name of the user and prints it.

Console.WriteLine("What's your name?");
// Reading a line from the user and assigning it to the name variable.
string name = Console.ReadLine();

Console.WriteLine(name);

What's your name?
> Hank
Hank

Strings can also be concatenated. If you place a + operator between two strings you get a new string that’s a combination of those two strings. Be mindful of any white spaces!

string greeting = "Hi ";
string name = "Lily";
string goodbye = " and see you later!";

string phrase = greeting + name + goodbye;

Console.WriteLine(phrase);

Hi Lily and see you later!

String Comparisons

Strings can be compared with == just like any other variable.

string text = "Hello";
string word = "Hullo";

if (text == word)
{
  Console.WriteLine("Hooray!");
}
else
{
  Console.WriteLine("Boo");
}

Boo

We came to know that a boolean value can be inverted through negation !.

string text = "Hello";
string word = "Hullo";

if (!(text == word))
{
  Console.WriteLine("Boo!");
}
else
{
  Console.WriteLine("Hooray!");
}

Or by negating the comparison.

string text = "Hello";
string word = "Hullo";

if (text != word)
{
  Console.WriteLine("Boo!");
}
else
{
  Console.WriteLine("Hooray!");
}

Splitting a String

You can split a string to multiple pieces with a Split() method of the string class. In the example below the string has been split around a space.

string text = "first second third fourth";
string[] pieces = text.Split(" ");
Console.WriteLine(pieces[0]);
Console.WriteLine(pieces[1]);
Console.WriteLine(pieces[2]);
Console.WriteLine(pieces[3]);

// For empty line print
Console.WriteLine();

for (int i = 0; i < pieces.Length; i++)
{
  Console.WriteLine(pieces[i]);
}

first
second
third
fourth

first
second
third
fourth

Data of Fixed Format

Splitting strings is used particularly when the data is of a fixed format. This refers to data that adheres to some predefined format.

An example of this of this is the Comma Separated Value (CSV) format where commas are used to separate values. Below you’ll find an example of CSV data containing names and ages. The first column contains names and the second one ages, seperated with a comma.

sebastian,2 
lucas,2 
lily,1

Let’s assume the user enters the data above row by row ending with an empty line.

A program to print the names and ages looks like the following.

while (true)
{
  string input = Console.ReadLine();
  if (input == "")
  {
    break;
  }
  string[] pieces = input.Split(",");
  Console.WriteLine("Name: " + pieces[0] + ", age: " + pieces[1]);
}

> sebastian,2 
Name: sebastian, age: 2 
> lucas,2 
Name: lucas, age: 2 
> lily,1 
Name: lily, age: 1

Using Diverse Text

Some of the data contained in a fixed format string can be numerical. The previous data contained names and ages. Where the ages were integers.

sebastian,2 
lucas,2 
lily,1

Splitting a string always produces an array of strings. If the text is of fixed format we can assume the data in a specific index to always be of the a specific type.

The program below computes the sum of ages in this fixed format data. In order to compute the sum the age must first be converted to a number.

int sum = 0;

while (true)
{
  string input = Console.ReadLine();
  if (input == "")
  {
    break;
  }
  string[] parts = input.Split(",");
  sum = sum + Convert.ToInt32(parts[1]);
}
Console.WriteLine("Sum of the ages is " + sum);

> sebastian,2 
> lucas,2 
> lily,1

Sum of the ages is 5

We can write a program to compute the average age in the same way.

int sum = 0;
int count = 0;

while (true)
{
  string input = Console.ReadLine();
  if (input == "")
  {
    break;
  }
  string[] parts = input.Split(",");
  sum = sum + Convert.ToInt32(parts[1]);
  count++;
}
if (count > 0)
{
  Console.WriteLine("Age average: " + ((double)sum / count));
}
else
{
  Console.WriteLine("No input");
}

> sebastian,2
> lucas,2
> lily,1

Age average: 1.6666666666666667

You can now do the exercises for Strings.